"In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.
We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together."
- Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1961
In his 1961 farewell address, Eisenhower issued a grave warning to the Unites States of America concerning the ever-growing military industrial complex. Most people would be shocked to discover that Eisenhower was actually responsible for the vast expansion of American militarism. It has been said that no man did more for the military industrial complex than the ex-general himself.
The military budget in 1950 was $141.2 billion, by 1960 it had tripled to $344.3 billion. In 1956, The Republican Party called for establishing American bases all over the world and by 1958 the United States had military alliances and agreements with close to 60 countries. Under the Eisenhower administration, the CIA shifted away from its original intelligence-gather operation and became a secret army for the president. The Agency was now dedicated to overthrowing foreign governments, such operations included Iran, Guatemala, Egypt, Indonesia and Laos. The covert-action budget in 1952 sat at $82 million, after 1956 it was sitting at $800 million.
To further illustrate the militaristic mindset of President Eisenhower, one need look no further than the expansion of the Unites States' nuclear arsenal. When he entered the oval office, the U.S. had roughly 1,000 nuclear warheads, the arsenal included 18,000 warheads by the time he left. Eisenhower made nuclear weapons an essential component of his military strategy by using the U.S. Strategic Air Command as a spearhead for the nations military might.
"I see no reason why they shouldn't be used just exactly as you would us a bullet or anything else."
- Dwight D. Eisenhower, speaking on nuclear weapons
In many ways Eisenhower was a wolf who, well, cried wolf. He was well aware of the monster he had been feeding for the better part of a decade. His warning about the military industrial complex came at a point in time when it was far to late to reverse, instead, he stressed to the people of America that they remain informed and vigilant. It was the only way to ensure the preservation of a peaceful democracy in the face of militaristic ambitions. Needless to say, the notion is extremely complex. Following the September 11th terrorist attacks, Forty years after his farewell address, it seemed the American people had slumped into a state of ignorance and complacency and for the first time in history, our need for security outweighed our love for liberty.